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' T. S. PURDIE. VENTILATING APPABATUS.

No. 455,006. Patented June 30, 1891.

\Kimwa a W *m l pl/ UNITED S'ATES PATE T OFFICE.

THOMAS S. PURDIE, OF SYRACUSE'NElV YORK.

VENTILATING APPARATUS.

SPEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 455,006, dated June 30,1891.

Application filed April 15, 1890. Serial No. 347,990. (No model.)

To alZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS S. PURDIE, of Syracuse, in the county ofOnondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new and usefulImprovements in a Ventilating Apparatus, of which the following, takenin connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, andexact description.

My invention 'relates to an inproved ventilating apparatus forventilating chambers by withdrawing the air therefrom instead of forcinga current of fresh air thereinto, and is especially applicable for useon cars, ships, and other moving carriers, which at the best are butpoorlyventilated; and to this end it consists, essentially, in a passageor conduit through which a current of air is passed, and in the case ofthe" moving chambers or carriers by means of their motion; a secondpassage connected to the former 'near its opposite extremities, andpreferably of greater area in cross-section at its opposite extremitiesthan the former passage, whereby a suctionis created Within said secondpassage, and passages or openings Connecting the said second passagewith the interior of the chamher to be ventilated.

The invention also consists in the detail construction and arrangementof the parts, all as hereinafter more particularly described, andpointed out in the claims.

In describing this invention reference is had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, in which like lettersindicate corresponding parts in all the Views.

Figure l represents a side elevation of a car provided with myinvention. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on line:c ao, Fig. 1, showing the upper portion of the car shown in said figureand illustrating, particularly, the connection of the exhaustpassage tothe interior of the car. Fg. 3 is a transverse vertical scctional viewof a freightcar provided with a slightly-modifie'd form of my invention,and Fig. 4 is' a longitudinal sectional view of the detached centralportion of a modified form of the passage for receiving the air andcreating the desired suction.

It is well known that great difficulty is at present experienced ineffectively, thoroughly, V

and evenly ventilatin'g chamhers, and particularly moving Carriers, ascars, Vehicles, and ships, especially when the temperature is low andnecessitates the closing of the ventilating-openings leading from theoutside to the inside of said chambers or carriers. Moreover, even whenthe temperature is warm and these ventilators are opened for the purposeof admitting a current of fresh air, it is well known that owing to thelaw hy which cold air seeks the lowest possible strata a draft isproduced directly beneath the said ventilator which renders persons orpassengers within 'said chambers or carriers and beneath or adjacent tosaid openings extremely liable to colds, rheumatism, and other likeailments. This lack of ventilaton is especially evident in cars heatedby steam, since steam-heat produces a certain dry atmosphere, which uponcontamination with 'carhonic-acid gas and other impurities becomesabsolutely unhearable and greatly detrimental to good health.

The Object of my invention is to ventilate chambers or moving carriersby withdrawing the impure air and preventing the direct inlet of coldair. In the case of. noving carriers, as Vehicles, cars, and ships, Iprefer to effect this desirable Object by the progress of such Carriers.It will be und'erstood, how

ever, that the construction of ny apparatusis such that the passage ofthe carrier does not force the cold air from the outside directly withinthe carrier, but, as will be presently stated, forces a current of airthrough a passage or conduit, which discharges into the extrenity of asecond passage or conduit Suite ably connected to the interior of thecarrier, and thereby creates a suction within the same as the air passesout from said latter passage, which draws the air from the interior ofthe carrier.

A represents the movngcarrier, here shown in Figs. 1 and 2 as apassenger car and in V Fig. 3 as a freight-car; but it Will beunderstood that the said carrier or chamber may be of any desirableform, size, and construction or designed for any desired purpose, andthat loo' the same is not necessarily a car, but may be an ordinaryVehicle, ship, or like carrier.

Suitably supported in any desirable manner, and as illustrated by theroof B of the car, is a passage or conduit C of rectangular form incross-section and preferably extending the entire length of thecar-roof. Provided at the opposite extrenities of this passage O is theforward openingc and the rearward Opening c', which open outside of thecar, and interposed between said extremities are exhaust-openings 0 ofsuitable number, form, size, and construction and Opening on theinterior of the car for conveying air from within the same to saidpassage.

Provided in suitable proximity to the passage O, and also suitably'supported in any desirable manner and position, is a second passage orconduit D of desirable form, size, and construction, and here shown asimposed above said passage C. As shown in the drawings, the top wall ofthe conduit O forms the bottom wall of the passage D, and the sides ofsaid passage D rest upon said bottom wall with substantially anair-tight joint, in order that no air may enter or pass from the passageD, except from either extremity, and into and out of the pipe C, aspresently described. This passage D is forned with an inlet d to receivethe air as the car noves onward and conduct the same in abackwardlymoving current, as shown by the arrow Z, to the rear of saidpassage, whenceit escapes by the outlet d'.

In order to produce the most desir'able results and simplicity ofconstruction I connect the opposite eXtremities of the passage D to thepassage C at points a sufficient distance short of its extremities, andwith this construction the said openings d and d' are formed directly inthe wall of the passage C, and open into said passage instead ofdirectly to the outside of the car. It will be noted that in order toproduce the best results the extremities of the conduit D, whenconnected to the extremities of the conduit C, are conconnectedsubstantially with an air tight joint. Oppositely arranged to saidopenings d and d' and within the passage C are valves E E' of anydesirable form, size, and construction, and here shown as assuming whenclosed aninclined planeforthe purpose of more readily enabling the airentering the extremity of the passage C to pass upward without check orhinderance into the passage D, by which the same is conducted to anddischarged intothe opposite extremity of said passage C, therebycreating a suction in the portion of said passage C on the opposite sideof said inclined Valve. As the Valve E' at said opposite extremity ofthe passage C is open, it necessarily follows that in order to preventthe formation of a Vacuum, which is contrary to all the natural laws ofgases, the air is drawn from the interior of the car through theeXhaust-opening 0 into the passage C, whence it is discharged with thepassing exhausting-current discharged thereinto from the passage D.

As preferably constructed, the parts of my Ventilating apparatus are soarranged that the same may be readily worked without regard to thedirection of novement of the car,

and this desirable result is effected by the construction previouslyexplained, and particularly by means of the valves E E'. When, asillustrated in Fig. 1, the car is moving in the direction shown by thearrow, the valve E is closed, compelling the air entering the extremityof the passage C to follow or pass into the passage D, and the valve E'at the opposite end of the passage C is either entirely or partiallyopen, so as to permit the air from the interior of the car to escapefrom this extremity of the passage C when drawn by the suction createdwithin the same. As illustrated, this Valve is shown in a horizontalposition; but it will be understood that the same may be defiectedtherefrom to regulate at will the amount of air escaping from thepassage C. When it is desired to move the car in the opposite direction,the position of the Valves E E' is reversed, and thereupon the apparatusis ready for operation. As shown and described, the valves E and E' formwhen closed an nclined wall; but it will be understood that said wallmay be rigidly secu red within the passages and provided with valves forOpening or closing the same.

One particular advantage accruing from using two passages in proximityto each other is that the entrance of cold air directly within the carby the notion thereof is absolutely prevented, and that, moreove', thepassage of the air rearwardly, induced by the progress of the car, isunirnpeded and does not pass in proximity to the exhaust-openings 6leading from the interior of the car, or any Valve which it would bedesirable to provide at the exit of said passage for governing the flowof air therefrom. It will further be noted that the air enters oneextremity of the passage C, and Striking against the ValVe at suchextremity is prevented from further passage within the pipe C and isdeflectcd upward into the pipe D, through which it passes and from theexit of which it is discharged into the oppositc extremity of thepassage O, and that since the exit of the passage D is ot' less area incross-section than the said extremity of the passage C, into which saidexit discharges, the discharging current of air from the pipe D forms amoving core within the said extremity of the passage C and creates asuction within the same which draws the air 'from the rear of saidpassage C and from the interior of the chamber to be Ventilated. It willalso be understood upon reference to the drawings that the passage C, orat least the extremities thereof, is preferably of greater area incrosssection than the passage D, which construc- IOO tion tends toinduce the formationpf the desired suction, as if said part-s were ofthe same size the air passing through the passage D would form a wallwhich would' prevent the escape of air from the rear end of the passageC.

If desired to utilize my apparatusfor forcing fresh air directly withinthe car by the progress thereof, the forward valve E may be opened andthe rear valve E' closed, wlereupon the current of air passes throughthe easier passage O, and thence through the exhaust-openings 0 into thecar.

At Fig. 3 I have shown a similar sectional View to Fig. 2 of afreight-car provided with my invention, and the only difference in theconstruction of' the devices shown in this figure and the precedingfigures is the connecting eXhaust-openings 0 from the interior of thecar to the passage C extend downwardly along the side thereof. ThisConnecting-passage is provided with a horizontal portion 0 and thevertically-disposed portion 0 preferably provided with thedownwardly-turned extremity 0 In this construction I have shown theconduit D and C as applied to the opposite sides of the car, 'and theexhaustopenings as consisting of pipes having one extremity discharginginto thepassage O and the other extended to the central part of the carin proximity to the adjacent extremity of the opposite pipe, whereby theair is drawn directly from the center of the car, as shown by the arrowsl and 2.

At Fig. 4 I have shown the passage D as provided with hoods. havingoppositely-arranged openings for receiving the air at the centralportion of the same; but this is not the preferred construction of saidpart. This construction is, however, particularly applicable in the caseof freight cars, since it obviates the necessity of an operator for adjusting valves in order to adapt the car to motion in either direction.

The operation of my invention Will be readily perceived from theforegoing, and it will be readily perceived that the same is of greatadvantage and utility, since it is produced at a minimum cost ofexpense, is extremely simple in construction, and eflicient in use. Itwill also be understood that I do not limit my invention to the preciseposition and arrangement of the passages or conduits C and D to anyconstruction of valve for regulating the flow within said passages, norto the detail construction and arrangement of the parts, since the same'may be somewhat varied from that described without departing from theSpirit of my invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In combination with the chamber to be ventilated, theherein-described ventilating apparatus, the same consisting of a conduithaving an outlet-Opening, an exhaust-opening connecting said conduit andchamber, an Opening in the outer shell of said conduit between saidoutlet and eXhaust-opening, and a second conduit having an air-inlet atone eX- tremity and having its opposite extremity connected to saidOpening in the wall of the former conduit, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

2. In combination with the chamber to be ventilated, theherein-described ventilating apparatus, the same consisting of a conduithaving openings atits eXtremities for the inlet and outlet of air,eXhaust-openings connecting said conduit and chamber, openings d and d'in the outer shell of said conduit at each' extremity, a second conduiton the outside of the former conduit having its opposite extremitiesconnected to the openings d and d', and a valve for governing thedirection of V the air in said conduit, substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

3. In combination with the chamber to be ventilated, a passage orconduit having openings at both extremities for the inlet and outlet ofthe air, an eXhaust-opening for conducting air from the interior of saidchamber to the said passage or conduit, a second conduit having itsopposite extremities connected to the 'former conduit at pointsinterposed between said openings in the former conduit, and an inclinedwall within said second conduit for conducting the air into the formerconduit, substantially as and for the purpose specified. V 4.' Incombination with the chamber to be ventilated, a passage or conduithaving openings at both extremities Opening to the outside of saidchamber, an exhaust-opening c for conducting air from the interior ofsaid chamber to the said conduit, a second passage or conduit having itsopposite extremities connected to the former conduit at pointsinterposed between said openings at the extremities of the formerconduit, an inclined wall within said former passage for conducting theair into the latter passage, and a valve for governing the flow ofthe'air in said former passage, substantially as and for the purpose setforth. V

5. In combination with the chamber to be ventilated, a passage orconduit having openings at both eXtremities Opening to the outside ofsaid chamber, an exhaust-opening for conducting air from the interior ofsaid chamber to the said conduit, a' second conduit having its oppositeextremities connected to the former conduit at points interposed betweensaid openings at the extremities of the former conduit, and inclinedvalves at the opposite extremities of the former conduit for governingthe flow of the air, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In combination with a moving chamber, a conduit having openings atits opposite eX- tremities, exhaust-openings leading from the interiorof said chamber to said conduit, and

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a Valve Within said eonduit movable from wtnessesmt Symeuse, in theeounty of Ononoe portion of its inner wall to the remain (luga, in theState of New York, this 10th day del' for Opening and Closing' thepassag'e of of April, 1800.

the ah' the'ethrough, substmtizflly as and THOMAS S. PURDIE. 5 for thepurpose specified. \Vitnessesz Intestimonywhereof Ihnvehereunto signedCLARK IT. NORTON,

my name, in the presence of two m tes't np M. BAXTER.

